O Preço da Palavra: a hegemonia do capitalismo eletrônico-informático e o googleismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28998/rm.2018.n.5.7670Palavras-chave:
Google, Capitalismo, Crowdsourcing, Inovação, MercantilizaçãoResumo
Estou interessado em entender como os empreendedores e inovadores da internet se tornaram capitalistas poderosos. A mercantilização das palavras, o mercado virtual global, a economia da isca e as economias do link, do clique e do eu gosto são formas de produzir lucros, cruciais para entender o rápido crescimento de algumas das principais empresas da atualidade. Também argumento que o googleismo é para o capitalismo contemporâneo o que foram o fordismo e o toyotismo: modelos de gerenciamento dos fatores de produção que são disseminados ao redor do mundo. A inovação massiva online oucrowdsourcing é apresentada como uma forma de se apropriar da criatividade on-line, fundamental para a (re)produção do capitalismo eletrônico-informático.
Downloads
Referências
ALBAGLI, Sarita; MACIEL, Maria Lúcia. Information, PowerandPolitics: Fromthe South, Beyondthe South. In: ALBAGLI, Sarita e MACIEL, Maria Lúcia (orgs). Information, Power and Politics: Technological and Institutional Mediations. Plymouth: Lexington Books, 2010. p. 1-25.
ANDERSON, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Londres: Verso, 1983.
BENNER, Chris. Work in the New Economy: Flexible Labor Markets in Silicon Valley. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
BLONDEAU, Olivier et al. Capitalismo Cognitivo, Propiedad Intelectual y Creación Colectiva. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 2004.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. Questions de Sociologie. Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1986.
BRAVERMAN, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.
BUENO CASTELLANOS, Carmen. Configuraciones Productivas en la Globalización: Trayectorias a la Mexicana. México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social/Universidad Iberoamericana, 2016.
CADWALLADR, Carole. Google, Democracy and the Truth about Internet Search. The Guardian, 4 de dezembro de 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook?CmP=share_btn_fb. Acesso em 21 de dezembro de 2016.
CASTELLS, Manuel. The Informational City: Information Technology, Economic Restructuring and the Urban Regional Process. Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
———— The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
COCCO, Giuseppe; SILVA, Gerardo; GALVÃO, Alexander Patez. Capitalismo Cognitivo: trabalho, redes e inovação. Rio de Janeiro: D P&a, 2003.
.
CORSANI, Antonella. Elementos de uma Ruptura: a hipótese do capitalismo cognitivo. In: COCCO, Giuseppe; SILVA, Gerardo Silva; GALVÃO, Alexander Patez (orgs.). Capitalismo Cognitivo: Trabalho, Redes e Inovação. Rio de Janeiro: D P&a, 2003. p. 15-32.
DIAKOPOULOS, Nicholas. Algorithmic Accountability. Digital Journalism, v. 3, n. 3, p. 398-415, 2014.
ENGELS, Friedrich. The Condition of the Working Class in England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009 [1844].
FOUCAULT, Michel. Society Must Be Defended. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76. Nova York: Picador, 2003.
FUMAGALLI, Andrea. Bioeconomía y Capitalismo Cognitivo: Hacia un Nuevo Paradigma de Acumulación. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 2010.
GERLITZ, Carolin; HELMOND, Anne. Hit, Link, Like and Share. Organizing the Social and the Fabric of the Web in a Like Economy. Apresentação na Mini conferência Digital Methods Iniciative. Universidad de Amsterdam, 24 e 25 de janeiro de 2011.
GIRARD, Bernard. The Google Way. How One Company Is Revolutionizing Management as We Know It. San Francisco: No Starch Press, 2009.
GRAMSCI, Antonio. Cadernos do Cárcere. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2006.
HESMONDHALGH, David. Exploitation and Media Labor. In: MAXWELL, Richard (org.). The Routledge Companion to Labor and Media. New York: Routledge, 2016. p. 30-39.
HOWE, Jeff. Crowdsourcing: Whythe Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business. New York: ThreeRiversPress, 2009.
JARVIS, Jeff. What Would Google Do? Reverse-Engineering the Fastest-Growing Company in the History of the World. New York: Harper, 2011.
LASH, Scott. Power after Hegemony: Cultural Studies in Mutation? Theory Culture & Society, v. 24, n. 3, p. 55-78, 2007.
LATHAM, Robert; SASSEN, Saskia. Digital Formations. Constructinganobject of Study. In: LATHAM, Robert; SASSEN, Saskia (orgs.), Digital Formations: it and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 2005. p. 1-33.
LEVY, Steven. In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works and Shapes Our Lives. New York: Simon&Schuster, 2011.
LINS RIBEIRO, Gustavo. Cybercultura Politics. Political activism at a Distance in a Transnational World. In: ALVAREZ, Sonia; DAGNINO, Evelina; ESCOBAR, Arturo (orgs.). Cultures of Politics/Politics of Cultures. Revisioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998, p. 325-352.
———— Postimperialismo. Cultura y Política en el Mundo Contemporáneo. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2003.
LUNDEN, Ingrid, 2015, 6.1B Smartphone Users Globally by 2020, overtaking Basic Fixed Phone Subscriptions. In: Tech Crunch, 2 de junho de 2015.
Disponível em: https://techcrunch.com/2015/06/02/6-1b-smartphone-users-globally-by-2020-overtaking-basic-fixed-phone-subscriptions/. Acesso em 10 de março de 2016.
MACCIOCCHI, Maria Antonietta. Hégémonie, Bloc Historique, État. In: MACCIOCCHI, Maria Antonietta. Pour Gramsci. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1974. p. 158-202.
MAHNKE, Martina; UPRICHARD, Emma. Algorithming the Algorithm. In: KÖNIG, René (org.). Society of the Query Reader: Reflections on Web Search. Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, 2014. p. 256-270.
McFARLANE, Greg. How Does Google Make its Money?. In: Investopedia. 2 de novembro de 2012. Disponível em: http://www.investopedia.com/stock-analysis/2012/what-does-google-actually-make-money-from-goog1121.aspx. Acesso em 21 de dezembro de 2016.
MOULIER-BOUTANG, Yann. Le Capitalism e Cognitif, la Nouvelle Grande Transformation. Paris: Éditions Amsterdam, 2008.
———— Wikipolitics and the economy of the Bees: information, Power, and Politics in a Digital Society. In ALBAGLI, Sarita e MACIEL, Maria Lucia (orgs.), Information, Power and Politics. Technological and Institutional Mediations. Plymouth: Lexington Books, 2010. p. 47-77.
MUMFORD, Lewis. Technique et Civilisation. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1950.
NOBLE, David F. America by Design: Science, Technology, and The Rise of Corporate Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
POUNDSTONE, William. Are you Smart Enough to Work at Google? New York: Little, Brown & Company, 2012.
ROGERS, Richard. Operating Issue Networks onthe Web. Science as Culture, v. 11, n. 2, p. 191-213, 2002.
ROSS, Andrew. No Collar Labour, in America’s ‘New Economy’. Socialist Register, n. 37, p. 77-87, 2001.
SAXENIAN, Anna Lee. El modelo Silicon Valley: dinamismo económico, exclusión social. In: MASTELLS, Manuel; HIMANEN, Pekka (orgs.). Reconceptualización del Desarrollo en la Era Global de la Información. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016. p. 47-69.
SCHILLER, Dan. Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System. Cambridge: Mit Press, 2000.
———— Labor and Digital Capitalism. In: MAXWELL, Richard (org.). The Routledge Companion to Labor and Media. New York: Routledge, 2016. p. 3-17.
SCHMIDT, Alfred. El Concepto de Naturaleza en Marx. Madrid: Siglo XXi editores, 1977.
TERRANOVA, Tiziana. Free Labor: Producing Culture forthe Digital economy. Social Text, v. 18, n. 2, p. 33-58, 2000.
THOMSON, Ross. Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Innovation in the United States, 1790-1865. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
VERCELLONE, Carlo. Capitalismo Cognitivo, Renta, Saber y Valor en la Época Pos fordista. Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2011.
WALKER, Jill. Links and Power: the Political Economy of Linking on the Web. In: ANDSON, Kenneth M.; MOULTHROP, Stuart; BLUSTEIN, James (orgs.). Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia. New York: Acm Press, 2002. p. 72-73.
WILLIAMS, Raymond. Keywords. A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
WRIGHT, Gilly; PASQUALI, Valentina. World’s Largest Companies. Global Finance, 19 de novembro de 2015. Disponível em: http://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/largest-companies?page=4. Acesso em 8 de abril de 2016.