Care needs and self-care of elderly people living at home in a municipality of Bahia in the light of Orem's theory

Authors

  • Antonio João de Araújo Xavier Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB)
  • Dândara Silva Oliveira Prefeitura Municipal de Itabuna, BA
  • Rocío Elizabeth Chávez Alvarez Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.28998/rpss.e02308013esp

Abstract

Introduction: The aging of the population poses new challenges to health systems. Chronic conditions associated with multimorbidity, frailty, and inability to function have led to deficits in self-care, limitations in the home, and limited access to services, further weakening health services. Objective: To understand the care and self-care needs of elderly people living at home in a municipality located in the state of Bahia in the light of Orem's Self-Care Theory. Methods: This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted in 2021 with 16 caregivers of elderly people living at home, using a semi-structured interview technique. Data were categorized, subjected to Bardin content analysis,, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework. Results: The elderly living at home were found to have high levels of incapacity for self-care, dependency, and different family arrangements for caregivers to support self-care with precarious support in performing this role, as well as limitations in self-care. The support and professional care provided by the Family Health Strategy team also showed weaknesses. Conclusions: Orem's General Theory of Self-Care makes it possible to comprehensively identify the demands and care needs of elderly people living at home and their caregivers to reorganize the network and provide interprofessional care in the Family Health Strategy. This text is the result of the Professional Master's Degree in Family Health (PROFSAÚDE).

Keywords: Elderly Health; Home care; Family Health Strategy; Self-care.

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Author Biographies

Antonio João de Araújo Xavier, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB)

Graduado em Medicina pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) e mestre em Saúde da Família pela Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB). Professor Assistente da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB). CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3472995962060329 / ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-0519

Dândara Silva Oliveira, Prefeitura Municipal de Itabuna, BA

Graduada em Enfermagem e mestra em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente pela Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) e mestra em  Saúde da Família pela Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB). Enfermeira da Prefeitura Municipal de Itabuna, BA. CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7579073853743022 / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-6610

Rocío Elizabeth Chávez Alvarez, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB)

Graduada em Enfermagem pela Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Peru, mestra em e doutora em Enfermagem pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , com período na período sanduíche em Universidad de Alicante (UA), Espanha; com pós-doutorado pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Professora Adjunta da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB). CV: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1056721789563215 / ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-0909

Published

2024-04-17

How to Cite

Xavier, A. J. de A., Oliveira, D. S., & Chávez Alvarez, R. E. (2024). Care needs and self-care of elderly people living at home in a municipality of Bahia in the light of Orem’s theory. Revista Portal: Saúde E Sociedade, 8(Especial). https://doi.org/10.28998/rpss.e02308013esp

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